RabbitMQ的消费端自定义监听
2022年12月24日约 876 字大约 3 分钟
RabbitMQ的消费端自定义监听
1. 背景
我们一般在代码中编写while循环，进行consumer.nextDelivery方法进行获取下一条消息，然后进行消费处理。
// 接收消息
while (true){
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println(msg);
}
我们使用自定义的Consumer更加的方便，解耦性更强，也在实际工作中最常用。
2. 代码演示
2.1 生产端
package com.kaven.rabbitmq.api.consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Producer {
// 自己服务器的IP
private static String ip = "IP";
// RabbitMQ启动的默认端口，也是应用程序进行连接RabbitMQ的端口
private static int port = 5672;
// RabbitMQ有一个 "/" 的虚拟主机
private static String virtualHost = "/";
// default exchange
private static String exchange = "";
// default exchange 的路由规则： routingKey（test） 将匹配同名的 queue(test)
private static String routingKey = "test";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost(ip);
connectionFactory.setPort(port);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
// 2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
// 3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 4 发送消息
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
String msg = "RabbitMQ: consumer message" + i;
channel.basicPublish(exchange , routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());
}
// 5 关闭连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
2.2 消费端
重点是MyConsumer类，它来继承DefaultConsumer类，实现消费端自定义监听的逻辑。
package com.kaven.rabbitmq.api.consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {
public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
super(channel);
}
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("------------ consumer message -----------");
System.out.println("consumerTag：" + consumerTag);
System.out.println("envelope：" + envelope);
System.out.println("properties：" + properties);
System.out.println("body：" + new String(body));
}
}
package com.kaven.rabbitmq.api.consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class Consumer {
// 自己服务器的IP
private static String ip = "IP";
// RabbitMQ启动的默认端口，也是应用程序进行连接RabbitMQ的端口
private static int port = 5672;
// RabbitMQ有一个 "/" 的虚拟主机
private static String virtualHost = "/";
// default exchange
private static String exchange = "";
// 队列名
private static String queueName = "test";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
// 1 创建ConnectionFactory
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost(ip);
connectionFactory.setPort(port);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
// 2 创建Connection
Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
// 3 创建Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 4 创建Queue
channel.queueDeclare(queueName , true , false , false , null);
// 5 消费端开始消费信息
channel.basicConsume(queueName , true , new MyConsumer(channel));
}
}
2.3 测试
启动生产端和消费端，消费端可以接收到消息，消息在body属性里面，如下所示：
------------ consumer message -----------
consumerTag：amq.ctag-CebIvWwveIxajYqFBqoZmA
envelope：Envelope(deliveryTag=1, redeliver=false, exchange=, routingKey=test)
properties：#contentHeader<basic>(content-type=null, content-encoding=null, headers=null, delivery-mode=null, priority=null, correlation-id=null, reply-to=null, expiration=null, message-id=null, timestamp=null, type=null, user-id=null, app-id=null, cluster-id=null)
body：RabbitMQ: consumer message0
------------ consumer message -----------
consumerTag：amq.ctag-CebIvWwveIxajYqFBqoZmA
envelope：Envelope(deliveryTag=2, redeliver=false, exchange=, routingKey=test)
properties：#contentHeader<basic>(content-type=null, content-encoding=null, headers=null, delivery-mode=null, priority=null, correlation-id=null, reply-to=null, expiration=null, message-id=null, timestamp=null, type=null, user-id=null, app-id=null, cluster-id=null)
body：RabbitMQ: consumer message1
------------ consumer message -----------
consumerTag：amq.ctag-CebIvWwveIxajYqFBqoZmA
envelope：Envelope(deliveryTag=3, redeliver=false, exchange=, routingKey=test)
properties：#contentHeader<basic>(content-type=null, content-encoding=null, headers=null, delivery-mode=null, priority=null, correlation-id=null, reply-to=null, expiration=null, message-id=null, timestamp=null, type=null, user-id=null, app-id=null, cluster-id=null)
body：RabbitMQ: consumer message2
------------ consumer message -----------
consumerTag：amq.ctag-CebIvWwveIxajYqFBqoZmA
envelope：Envelope(deliveryTag=4, redeliver=false, exchange=, routingKey=test)
properties：#contentHeader<basic>(content-type=null, content-encoding=null, headers=null, delivery-mode=null, priority=null, correlation-id=null, reply-to=null, expiration=null, message-id=null, timestamp=null, type=null, user-id=null, app-id=null, cluster-id=null)
body：RabbitMQ: consumer message3
------------ consumer message -----------
consumerTag：amq.ctag-CebIvWwveIxajYqFBqoZmA
envelope：Envelope(deliveryTag=5, redeliver=false, exchange=, routingKey=test)
properties：#contentHeader<basic>(content-type=null, content-encoding=null, headers=null, delivery-mode=null, priority=null, correlation-id=null, reply-to=null, expiration=null, message-id=null, timestamp=null, type=null, user-id=null, app-id=null, cluster-id=null)
body：RabbitMQ: consumer message4
RabbitMQ Management也有反应。 
参考文章
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